By Adam Clarke
THE word church simply means an
"assembly" or "congregation," and must have some other word joined
to it to determine its nature: namely, the "church of God;" the
congregation collected by God, and devoted to his service: the
"church of Christ;" the whole company of Christians wheresoever
found; because, by the preaching of the gospel, they are called out
of the spirit and maxims of the world, to live according to the
precepts of the Christian religion. This is sometimes called the
"catholic" or "universal" church, because constituted of all the
professors of Christianity in the world, to whatsoever sects or
parties they may belong; and hence the absurdity of applying the
term "catholic," which signifies "universal," to that very small
portion of it, the Church of Rome. In primitive times, before
Christians had any stated buildings, they worshipped in private
houses; the people that had been converted to God meeting together
in some one dwelling house of a fellow convert more convenient and
capacious than the rest; hence "the church that was in the house of
Aquila and Priscilla," Rom. xvi, 3, 5; and 1 Cor. xvi, 19; and "the
church that was in the house of Nymphas," Col. iv, 15. Now, as these
houses were dedicated to the worship of God, each was termed
kuriou oikos, the "house of the Lord;" which word, in process of
time, became contracted into kurioik, and kuriake; and
hence the kirk of our northern neighbours, and kirik,
of our Saxon ancestors, from which, by corruption, changing the hard
Saxon Cinto ch, we have made the word "church." This term,
though it be generally used to signify the people worshipping in a
particular place, yet by a metonymy, the container being put for the
contained, we apply, as it was originally, to the building which
contains the worshipping people.The church of Christ was
considered an enclosure; a field, or vineyard, well hedged or
walled. Those who were not members of it were considered without;
that is, not under that especial protection and defence which the
true followers of Christ had. This has been since called, "the pale
of the church," from palus, a stake; or, as Dr. Johnson
defines it, "A narrow piece of wood, joined above and below to a
rail, to enclose grounds." As to be a Christian was essential to the
salvation of the soul, so to be in the church of Christ was
essential to the being a Christian; therefore it was concluded
"there was no salvation out of the pale of the church." Now this is
true in all places where the doctrines of Christianity are preached:
but when one description of people professing Christianity, with
their own peculiar mode of worship and creed, arrogate to
themselves, exclusive of all others, the title of " THE church;" and
then, on the ground of a maxim which is true in itself, but falsely
understood and applied by them, assert that, as they are THE church,
and there is no church beside, then you must be one of them, believe
as they believe, and worship as they worship, or you will be
infallibly damned;—I say, when this is asserted, every man who feels
he has an immortal spirit is called on to examine the pretensions of
such spiritual monopolists. Now as the church of Christ is formed on
the foundation of the prophets and apostles, Jesus Christ being the
chief corner stone, the doctrines of this Christian church must be
sought for in the sacred Scriptures. As to fathers, councils, and
human authorities of all kinds, they are, in this question, lighter
than vanity; the book of God alone must decide. The church which has
been so hasty to condemn all others, and, by its own soi-disant
or self- constituted authority, to make itself the deter-miner
of the fates of men, dealing out the mansions of glory to its
partisans, and the abodes of endless misery to all those who are out
of its antichristian and inhuman pale; this church, I say, has been
brought to this standard, and proved by the Scriptures to be fallen
from the faith of God's elect, and to be most awfully and
dangerously corrupt; and to be within its pale, of all others
professing Christianity, would be the most likely means of
endangering the final salvation of the soul. Yet even in it many
sincere and upright persons may be found, who, in spirit and
practice, belong to the true church of Christ. Such persons are to
be found of all religious persuasions, and in all sorts of Christian
societies.
Of this glorious church every Christian soul is an epitome: for as God dwells in the church at large, so he dwells in every believer in particular: each is a habitation of God through the Spirit. In vain are all pretensions among sects and parties to the privilege of the church of Christ, if they have not the doctrine and life of Christ. Traditions and legends are not apostolic doctrines, and showy ceremonies are not the life of God in the soul of man. Religion has no need of human ornaments or trappings; it shines by its own light, and is refulgent with its own glory. Where it is not in life and power, men have endeavoured to produce a specious image, dressed and ornamented with their own hands. Into this, God never breathed; therefore, it can do no good to man, and only imposes on the ignorant and credulous by a vain show of lifeless pomp and splendour. This phantom, called "true religion," and "the church," by its votaries, is in heaven denominated "vain superstition;" the speechless symbol of departed piety. The government of the church of Christ is widely different from secular governments. It is founded in humility and brotherly love: it is derived from Christ, the great head of the church, and is ever conducted by his maxims and Spirit. When political matters are brought into the church of Christ, both are ruined. The church has more than once ruined the state; the state has often corrupted the church: it is certainly for the interests of both to be kept separate. This has already been abundantly exemplified in both cases, and will continue to be, over the whole world, wherever the church and state are united in secular matters. "The chief priests were sore displeased," or, "were incensed." Incensed at what? At the purification of the profane temple! This was a work they should have done themselves, but for which they had neither grace nor influence; and their pride and jealousy will not suffer them to permit others to do it. Strange as it may appear, the priesthood itself, in all corrupt times, has ever been the most forward to prevent a reform in the church. Was it because they were conscious that a reformer would find them no better than money-changers in, and profaners of, the house of God, and that they and their system must be overturned, if the true worship of God were restored? Let him who is concerned answer this to his conscience. "No secular arm, no human prudence, no earthly policy, in suits at law, shall ever be used for the founding, extension, and preservation of my church." But the spirit of the world says, "These are all means to which we must have recourse; otherwise the cause of God may be ruined." Satan, thou liest! HOW strange it is that people professing Christianity can suppose, that, with a worldly spirit, worldly companions, and their lives governed by worldly maxims, they can be in the favour of God, or ever get to the kingdom of heaven! When the world gets into the church, the church becomes a painted sepulchre; its spiritual vitality becomes extinct. I believe God never intended that his church should have the civil government of the world. His church, like its Founder and Head, will never be a ruler and divider among men. The men who, under pretence of superior sanctity, affect this, are not of God: the truth of God is not in them; they are puffed up with pride, and fall into the condemnation of the devil. "Wo unto the inhabiters of the earth," when the church takes the civil government of the world into its hands! Were it possible that God should trust religious people with civil government, anarchy would soon ensue; for every professed believer in Christ would consider himself on a par with any other and every other believer: the right to rule and the necessity to obey would be immediately lost, and every man would do what was right in his own eyes; for, where the grace of God makes all equal, who can presume to say, "I have divine authority to govern my fellows?" The Church of Rome has claimed this right; and the pope, in consequence, became a secular prince: but the nations of the world have seen the vanity and iniquity of the claim, and refused allegiance. Those whom it did govern, with force and cruelty did it rule them; and the odious yoke is now universally cast off. Certain enthusiasts and hypocrites, not of that church, have also attempted to set up a fifth monarchy, a civil government by the saints!—and diabolic saints they were. To such pretenders God gives neither countenance nor support. The secular and spiritual government God will ever keep distinct: and the church shall have no power but that of doing good; and this only in proportion to its holiness, heavenly- mindedness, and piety to God.
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