Swartzentrover.com | Fahling - A Harmony of the Gospels - Chapter 33

A Harmony of the Gospels

By Adam Fahling

Chapter 33

Part XXXIII. Thursday Night to Friday Morning of Passion Week
Agony in Gethsemane, Betrayal, Arrest and Trial before Jewish Authorities April 6 and 7, 30 A.D. or 783 A.U.C.
Table Of Contents Matthew Mark Luke John Other
259. The Agony in Gethsemane Mt 26:36-46 Mk 14:32-42 Lk  22:40-46 Jn 18:1
 
260. The Arrival and Betrayal of Judas Mt 26:47-50 Mk 14:43-46 Lk 22:47-48 Jn 18: 2-9
 
261. Peter's Untimely Zeal Mt 26:51-54 Mk 14:47 Lk 22:49-51 Jn 18:10-11
 
262. The Arrest of Jesus Mt 26:55-56a Mk 14:48-49 Lk 22:52-54a Jn 18:12 
 
263. The Disciples Flee Mt 26:56b  Mk 14:50-52    
 
264. Jesus is First Taken to Annas        Jn 18:13-14,  19-23
 
265. Jesus is Next Led to Caiaphas Mt 26:57,      59-66 Mk 14:53,     55-64 Lk 22:54b Jn 18:24
 
266. The Denials of Peter Mt  26:58,     69-75 Mk 14:54,     66-72 Lk 22:54c-62 [Jn 18:15-18],  25-27
 
267. Jesus Maltreated during the Night [Mt 26:67-68] Mk 14:65 Lk 22:63-65  
 
268. Jesus is Formally Condemned by the Sanhedrin Mt 27:1  Mk 15:la   Lk 22:66-71  
 

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259. The Agony in Gethsemane Thursday Night.
(Mt 26:36-46, Mk 14:32-42, Lk  22:40-46, Jn 18:1)

Mt 26:36-46

36Then Jesus came with them to a place called Gethsemane, and said to his disciples, “Sit here, while I go there and pray.” 37He took with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and began to be sorrowful and severely troubled. 38Then he said to them, “My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even to death. Stay here, and watch with me.”

39He went forward a little, fell on his face, and prayed, saying, “My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass away from me; nevertheless, not what I desire, but what you desire.”

40He came to the disciples, and found them sleeping, and said to Peter, “What, couldn’t you watch with me for one hour? 41Watch and pray, that you don’t enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.”

42Again, a second time he went away, and prayed, saying, “My Father, if this cup can’t pass away from me unless I drink it, your desire be done.” 43He came again and found them sleeping, for their eyes were heavy. 44He left them again, went away, and prayed a third time, saying the same words. 45Then he came to his disciples, and said to them, “Sleep on now, and take your rest. Behold, the hour is at hand, and the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. 46Arise, let’s be going. Behold, he who betrays me is at hand.”

Mk 14:32-42

32They came to a place which was named Gethsemane. He said to his disciples, “Sit here, while I pray.” 33He took with him Peter, James, and John, and began to be greatly troubled and distressed. 34He said to them, “My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even to death. Stay here, and watch.”

35He went forward a little, and fell on the ground, and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour might pass away from him. 36He said, “Abba, Father, all things are possible to you. Please remove this cup from me. However, not what I desire, but what you desire.”

37He came and found them sleeping, and said to Peter, “Simon, are you sleeping? Couldn’t you watch one hour? 38Watch and pray, that you may not enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.”

39Again he went away, and prayed, saying the same words. 40Again he returned, and found them sleeping, for their eyes were very heavy, and they didn’t know what to answer him. 41He came the third time, and said to them, “Sleep on now, and take your rest. It is enough. The hour has come. Behold, the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. 42Arise, let us be going. Behold, he who betrays me is at hand.”

Lk  22:40-46

40When he was at the place, he said to them, “Pray that you don’t enter into temptation.”

41He was withdrawn from them about a stone’s throw, and he knelt down and prayed, 42saying, “Father, if you are willing, remove this cup from me. Nevertheless, not my will, but yours, be done.”

43An angel from heaven appeared to him, strengthening him. b 44Being in agony he prayed more earnestly. His sweat became like great drops of blood falling down on the ground.

45When he rose up from his prayer, he came to the disciples, and found them sleeping because of grief, 46and said to them, “Why do you sleep? Rise and pray that you may not enter into temptation.”

Jn 18:1 a

1When Jesus had spoken these words, he went out with his disciples over the brook Kidron, where there was a garden, into which he and his disciples entered.

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260. The Arrival and Betrayal of Judas Thursday Night.
(Mt 26:47-50, Mk 14:43-46, Lk 22:47-48, Jn 18: 2-9)

 Mt 26:47-50

47While he was still speaking, behold, Judas, one of the twelve, came, and with him a great multitude with swords and clubs, from the chief priest and elders of the people. 48Now he who betrayed him gave them a sign, saying, “Whoever I kiss, he is the one. Seize him.” 49Immediately he came to Jesus, and said, “Hail, Rabbi!” and kissed him.

50Jesus said to him, “Friend, why are you here?” Then they came and laid hands on Jesus, and took him.

 Mk 14:43-46

43Immediately, while he was still speaking, Judas, one of the twelve, came—and with him a multitude with swords and clubs, from the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders. 44Now he who betrayed him had given them a sign, saying, “Whoever I will kiss, that is he. Seize him, and lead him away safely.” 45When he had come, immediately he came to him, and said, “Rabbi! Rabbi!” and kissed him. 46They laid their hands on him, and seized him.

 Lk 22:47-48

47While he was still speaking, behold, a multitude, and he who was called Judas, one of the twelve, was leading them. He came near to Jesus to kiss him. 48But Jesus said to him, “Judas, do you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?”

 Jn 18: 2-9

2Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, for Jesus often met there with his disciples. 3Judas then, having taken a detachment of soldiers and officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, came there with lanterns, torches, and weapons. 4Jesus therefore, knowing all the things that were happening to him, went forth, and said to them, “Who are you looking for?”

5They answered him, “Jesus of Nazareth.”

Jesus said to them, “I am he.”

Judas also, who betrayed him, was standing with them. 6When therefore he said to them, “I am he,” they went backward, and fell to the ground.

7Again therefore he asked them, “Who are you looking for?”

They said, “Jesus of Nazareth.”

8Jesus answered, “I told you that I am he. If therefore you seek me, let these go their way,” 9that the word might be fulfilled which he spoke, “Of those whom you have given me, I have lost none.”[1]


[1]18:9 John 6:39

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261. Peter's Untimely Zeal
(Mt 26:51-54, Mk 14:47, Lk 22:49-51, Jn 18:10-11)

Mt 26:51-54

51Behold, one of those who were with Jesus stretched out his hand, and drew his sword, and struck the servant of the high priest, and struck off his ear. 52Then Jesus said to him, “Put your sword back into its place, for all those who take the sword will die by the sword. 53Or do you think that I couldn’t ask my Father, and he would even now send me more than twelve legions of angels? 54How then would the Scriptures be fulfilled that it must be so?”

Mk 14:47

47But a certain one of those who stood by drew his sword, and struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his ear.

Lk 22:49-51

49When those who were around him saw what was about to happen, they said to him, “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?” 50A certain one of them struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his right ear.

51But Jesus answered, “Let me at least do this”—and he touched his ear, and healed him.

Jn 18:10-11

10Simon Peter therefore, having a sword, drew it, and struck the high priest’s servant, and cut off his right ear. The servant’s name was Malchus. 11Jesus therefore said to Peter, “Put the sword into its sheath. The cup which the Father has given me, shall I not surely drink it?”

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262. The Arrest of Jesus Thursday Night.
(Mt 26:55-56a, Mk 14:48-49, Lk 22:52-54a, Jn 18:12)

Mt 26:55-56a

55In that hour Jesus said to the multitudes, “Have you come out as against a robber with swords and clubs to seize me? I sat daily in the temple teaching, and you didn’t arrest me. 56But all this has happened, that the Scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples left him, and fled.

Mk 14:48-49

48Jesus answered them, “Have you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs to seize me? 49I was daily with you in the temple teaching, and you didn’t arrest me. But this is so that the Scriptures might be fulfilled.”

Lk 22:52-54a

52Jesus said to the chief priests, captains of the temple, and elders, who had come against him, “Have you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs? 53When I was with you in the temple daily, you didn’t stretch out your hands against me. But this is your hour, and the power of darkness.”

54They seized him, and led him away, and brought him into the high priest’s house. But Peter followed from a distance.

Jn 18:12

12So the detachment, the commanding officer, and the officers of the Jews, seized Jesus and bound him,

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263. The Disciples Flee
(Mt 26:56b, Mk 14:50-52)

Mt 26:56b

 56But all this has happened, that the Scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples left him, and fled.

Mk 14:50-52

50They all left him, and fled. 51A certain young man followed him, having a linen cloth thrown around himself, over his naked body. The young men grabbed him, 52but he left the linen cloth, and fled from them naked.

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264. Jesus is First Taken to Annas  Preliminary Investigation. Thursday Night.
(Jn 18:13-14,  19-23)

Jn 18:13-14,  c 19-23

13and led him to Annas d first, for he was father-in-law to Caiaphas, who was high priest that year. 14Now it was Caiaphas who advised the Jews that it was expedient that one man should perish for the people.

19The high priest therefore asked Jesus about his disciples, and about his teaching. 20Jesus answered him, “I spoke openly to the world. I always taught in synagogues, and in the temple, where the Jews always meet. I said nothing in secret. 21Why do you ask me? Ask those who have heard me what I said to them. Behold, these know the things which I said.”

22When he had said this, one of the officers standing by slapped Jesus with his hand, saying, “Do you answer the high priest like that?”

23Jesus answered him, “If I have spoken evil, testify of the evil; but if well, why do you beat me?”

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265. Jesus is Next Led to Caiaphas The Second Stage of the Trial. Thursday Night. In the Palace of the High Priest. e
(Mt 26:57, 59-66, Mk 14:53, 55-64, Lk 22:54b, Jn 18:24)

i.  Jesus Led Before the Sanhedrin 

Matt. 26:57 f

57Those who had taken Jesus led him away to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were gathered together.

Mark 14:53 f

53They led Jesus away to the high priest. All the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes came together with him.

 Luke 22:54b f

54They seized him, and led him away, and brought him into the high priest’s house. But Peter followed from a distance.

 John 18:24 f

24Annas sent him bound to Caiaphas, the high priest.

ii. False Witnesses

Matt. 26:59-63a  

59Now the chief priests, the elders, and the whole council sought false testimony against Jesus, that they might put him to death; 60and they found none. Even though many false witnesses came forward, they found none. But at last two false witnesses came forward, 61and said, “This man said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God, and to build it in three days.’”

62The high priest stood up, and said to him, “Have you no answer? What is this that these testify against you?” 63But Jesus held his peace. The high priest answered him, “I adjure you by the living God, that you tell us whether you are the Christ, the Son of God.”

Mark 14: 55-61a

55Now the chief priests and the whole council sought witnesses against Jesus to put him to death, and found none. 56For many gave false testimony against him, and their testimony didn’t agree with each other. 57Some stood up, and gave false testimony against him, saying, 58“We heard him say, ‘I will destroy this temple that is made with hands, and in three days I will build another made without hands.’” 59Even so, their testimony did not agree.

60The high priest stood up in the midst, and asked Jesus, “Have you no answer? What is it which these testify against you?” 61But he stayed quiet, and answered nothing. Again the high priest asked him, “Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?”

iii. "Whether Thou be the Christ, The Son of God"          

Matt. 26:63b-66

63But Jesus held his peace. The high priest answered him, “I adjure you by the living God, that you tell us whether you are the Christ, the Son of God.”

64Jesus said to him, “You have said it. Nevertheless, I tell you, after this you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power, and coming on the clouds of the sky.”

65Then the high priest tore his clothing, saying, “He has spoken blasphemy! Why do we need any more witnesses? Behold, now you have heard his blasphemy. 66What do you think?”

They answered, “He is worthy of death!” g

Mark 14: 61b-64

61But he stayed quiet, and answered nothing. Again the high priest asked him, “Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?”

62Jesus said, “I am. You will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power, and coming with the clouds of the sky.”

63The high priest tore his clothes, and said, “What further need have we of witnesses? 64You have heard the blasphemy! What do you think?” They all condemned him to be worthy of death.  h

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266. The Denials of Peter Thursday Night.
(Mt  26:58, 69-75, Mk 14:54, 66-72, Lk 22:54c-62, Jn 18:15-18, 25-27)

i. Peter Brought In

Matt. 26:58

58But Peter followed him from a distance, to the court of the high priest, and entered in and sat with the officers, to see the end.

Mark 14:54

54Peter had followed him from a distance, until he came into the court of the high priest. He was sitting with the officers, and warming himself in the light of the fire.

 Luke 22:54c-55 

54They seized him, and led him away, and brought him into the high priest’s house. But Peter followed from a distance. 55When they had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard, and had sat down together, Peter sat among them.

[John 18:15-16]

15Simon Peter followed Jesus, as did another disciple. Now that disciple was known to the high priest, and entered in with Jesus into the court of the high priest; 16but Peter was standing at the door outside. So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest, went out and spoke to her who kept the door, and brought in Peter.

ii. The First Denial

Matt. 26:69-70

69Now Peter was sitting outside in the court, and a maid came to him, saying, “You were also with Jesus, the Galilean!”

70But he denied it before them all, saying, “I don’t know what you are talking about.”

Mark 14:66-68a 

66As Peter was in the courtyard below, one of the maids of the high priest came, 67and seeing Peter warming himself, she looked at him, and said, “You were also with the Nazarene, Jesus!”

68But he denied it, saying, “I neither know, nor understand what you are saying.” He went out on the porch, and the rooster crowed.

 Luke 22:56-57

56A certain servant girl saw him as he sat in the light, and looking intently at him, said, “This man also was with him.”

57He denied Jesus, saying, “Woman, I don’t know him.”

 [John 18:17-18]

17Then the maid who kept the door said to Peter, “Are you also one of this man’s disciples?”

He said, “I am not.”

18Now the servants and the officers were standing there, having made a fire of coals, for it was cold. They were warming themselves. Peter was with them, standing and warming himself.

iii. The Second Denial

Matt. 26:71-72

71When he had gone out onto the porch, someone else saw him, and said to those who were there, “This man also was with Jesus of Nazareth.”

72Again he denied it with an oath, “I don’t know the man.”

Mark 14:68b-70a

68But he denied it, saying, “I neither know, nor understand what you are saying.” He went out on the porch, and the rooster crowed.

69The maid saw him, and began again to tell those who stood by, “This is one of them.” 70But he again denied it. After a little while again those who stood by said to Peter, “You truly are one of them, for you are a Galilean, and your speech shows it.”

Luke 22:58

58After a little while someone else saw him, and said, “You also are one of them!”

But Peter answered, “Man, I am not!”

 

John 18:25

25Now Simon Peter was standing and warming himself. They said therefore to him, “You aren’t also one of his disciples, are you?”

He denied it, and said, “I am not.”

iv. The Third Denial

Matt. 26:73-74a

73After a little while those who stood by came and said to Peter, “Surely you are also one of them, for your speech makes you known.”

74Then he began to curse and to swear, “I don’t know the man!”

Immediately the rooster crowed.

Mark 14:70b-71 

70But he again denied it. After a little while again those who stood by said to Peter, “You truly are one of them, for you are a Galilean, and your speech shows it.” 71But he began to curse, and to swear, “I don’t know this man of whom you speak!”

Luke 22:59-60a

59After about one hour passed, another confidently affirmed, saying, “Truly this man also was with him, for he is a Galilean!”

60But Peter said, “Man, I don’t know what you are talking about!” Immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed.

John 18:26-27a

26One of the servants of the high priest, being a relative of him whose ear Peter had cut off, said, “Didn’t I see you in the garden with him?”

27Peter therefore denied it again, and immediately the rooster crowed.

v. "And Wept Bitterly"

Matt. 26:74b-75

74Then he began to curse and to swear, “I don’t know the man!”

Immediately the rooster crowed. 75Peter remembered the word which Jesus had said to him, “Before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” He went out and wept bitterly.

Mark 14:72 

72The rooster crowed the second time. Peter remembered the word, how that Jesus said to him, “Before the rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times.” When he thought about that, he wept.

Luke 22:60b-62

60But Peter said, “Man, I don’t know what you are talking about!” Immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. 61The Lord turned, and looked at Peter. Then Peter remembered the Lord’s word, how he said to him, “Before the rooster crows you will deny me three times.” 62He went out, and wept bitterly.

John 18:27b

27Peter therefore denied it again, and immediately the rooster crowed.

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267. Jesus Maltreated during the Night
Thursday Night to Friday Morning.
(Mt 26:67-68, Mk 14:65, Lk 22:63-65 )

[Mt 26:67-68] i

67Then they spit in his face and beat him with their fists, and some slapped him, 68saying, “Prophesy to us, you Christ! Who hit you?”

Mk 14:65 i

65Some began to spit on him, and to cover his face, and to beat him with fists, and to tell him, “Prophesy!” The officers struck him with the palms of their hands.

Lk 22:63-65

63The men who held Jesus mocked him and beat him. 64Having blindfolded him, they struck him on the face and asked him, “Prophesy! Who is the one who struck you?” 65They spoke many other things against him, insulting him.

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268. Jesus is Formally Condemned by the Sanhedrin Friday Morning. The Third Stage of the Trial before the Jewish Authorities.
(Mt 27:1, Mk 15:la, Lk 22:66-71)

Mt 27:1

1Now when morning had come, all the chief priests and the elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death:

Mk 15:la

1Immediately in the morning the chief priests, with the elders and scribes, and the whole council, held a consultation, and bound Jesus, and carried him away, and delivered him up to Pilate.

Lk 22:66-71

66As soon as it was day, the assembly of the elders of the people was gathered together, both chief priests and scribes, and they led him away into their council, saying, 67“If you are the Christ, tell us.”

But he said to them, “If I tell you, you won’t believe, 68and if I ask, you will in no way answer me or let me go. 69From now on, the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God.”

70They all said, “Are you then the Son of God?”

He said to them, “You say it, because I am.”

71They said, “Why do we need any more witness? For we ourselves have heard from his own mouth!”

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Footnotes

a) See No. 254. Matthew and Mark narrate the Lord's announcement of Peter's denials as if it had taken place after they had left the upper room and were on their way to the Mount of Olives ; Luke and John, as taking place before they had left the room. John does not mention the agony in Gethsemane. It is, however, implied in the reference to the cup which the Father had given Him to drink, John 18:11 (No. 261). compared with the prayer to remove the cup recorded by the Synoptists in the present section.

b) As Luke alone mentions the appearing of an angel, it is not certain where this should be inserted in the accounts of Matthew and Mark. Some place it between the first and second prayer, believing that an angel came at this juncture to strengthen Him for that still more terrible struggle, when He was sweating great drops of blood. Others think the death agony and the sweating of blood took place before the appearance of the angel, indeed, that he was sent by the Father after this culmination of the Lord's soul suffering had been reached, though narrated after it. The latter would not have been contrary to the practice of Luke, as may be seen from other sections of his Gospel. See No. 249.

c) The Jewish trial comprised three stages: The preliminary investigation by Anne, the informal trial by the Sanhedrin, and the formal trial after dawn. With these are related the denials of Peter, and the suicide of Judas. Each of the four Gospels records the denials of Peter, but the details differ considerably, as must be the case where various reports point out certain features and pass over the rest. Of these three stages of the trial John apparently gives the first stage, Matthew and Mark give the second stage fully and mention the third only briefly, while Luke mentions the last part of the Jewish trial. Between verses 14 and 19 and following verse 24 John records the denial of Peter. Likewise the other three Evangelists insert the incident into their account, Matthew and Mark as running through the second stage of the trial and Luke as preceding that of the final session. In separating the trials and throwing together the denials, we are following the lead of the Gospels in an attempt to give a combined arrangement of the progress of events. We must, however, confess our inability to arrange exactly all circumstances into a complete program.

d) Annas was high-priest from 6-15 A.D. He is still called "high priest," but the actual office holder was his son-in-law Caiaphas, 18-36 A.D.

e) The regular place of meeting was the Hall Gazith, the Chamber of Hewn Stone, in the Temple buildings. We must regard this meeting in the palace of Caiaphas as an exception to the rule.

f) The account is interspaced with the dentate of Peter.

g) For verses 67-68 see No. 267.

h) For verse 65 see No. 267.

i) The Account of Matthew and Mark was interrupted by the narration of Peter's denials.

 

 
[ ] Verses marked with brackets indicate that the passage has been taken out of its order.

 

Bible References taken from:
The World English Bible (WEB) is a Public Domain (no copyright) Modern English translation of the Holy Bible, based on the American Standard Version of the Holy Bible first published in 1901, the Biblia Hebraica Stutgartensa Old Testament, and the Greek Majority Text New Testament.